Cortex
Volume 46, Issue 4 , Pages 462-473 , April 2010

Age differences in prefontal recruitment during verbal working memory maintenance depend on memory load

Received 9 December 2008 ,Revised 20 July 2009 ,Accepted 7 November 2009.

References 

  1. Babcock RL, Salthouse TA. Effects of increased processing demands on age differences in working memory. Psychology and Aging. 1990;5:421–428
  2. Baltes PB. The aging mind: Potential and limits. The Gerontologist. 1993;33:580–594
  3. Brett M, Christoff K, Cusack R, Lancaster J. Using the Talairach atlas with the MNI template. NeuroImage. 2001;13:S85
  4. Cabeza R. Hemispheric asymmetry reduction in old adults: The HAROLD model. Psychology and Aging. 2002;17:85–100
  5. Cabeza R, Grady CL, Nyberg L, McIntosh AR, Tulving E, Kapur S, et al. Age-related differences in neural activity during memory encoding and retrieval: A positron emission tomography study. Journal of Neuroscience. 1997;17:391–400
  6. Cabeza R, Anderson ND, Locantore JK, McIntosh AR. Aging gracefully: Compensatory brain activity in high-performing older adults. NeuroImage. 2002;17:1394–1402
  7. Cabeza R, Daselaar SM, Dolcos F, Prince SE, Budde M, Nyberg L. Task-independent and task-specific age effects on brain activity during working memory, visual attention and episodic retrieval. Cerebral Cortex. 2004;14:364–375
  8. Cabeza R, Nyberg L, Park D. The Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005;
  9. Callicott JH, Mattay VS, Bertolino A, Finn K, Coppola R, Frank JA, et al. Physiological characteristics of capacity constraints in working memory as revealed by functional MRI. Cerebral Cortex. 1999;9:20–26
  10. Cowan N. The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2001;24:87–114
  11. Craik FIM, Byrd M. Aging and cognitive deficits: The role of attentional resources. In:  Craik FIM,  Trehub S editor. Aging and Cognitive Processes. New York: Plenum Press; 1982;p. 191–211
  12. Craik FIM, Jennings JM. Human memory. In:  Craik FIM,  Salthouse TA editor. Handbook of Aging and Cognition. Hillsdale: Erlbaum; 1992;p. 51–109
  13. Craik FIM, Rabinowitz J. Age differences in the acquisition and use of verbal information: A tutorial review. In:  Bouma H,  Bouwhuis DE editor. Attention and Performance. vol. 10:Hillsdale: Erlbaum; 1984;p. 471–499
  14. Curtin F, Schulz P. Multiple correlations and Bonferroni's correction. Biological Psychiatry. 1998;44:775–777
  15. Davis SW, Dennis NA, Fleck MS, Daselaar SM, Cabeza R. Que PASA?: The posterior–anterior shift in aging. Cerebral Cortex. 2008;18:1201–1209
  16. D'Esposito M, Postle BR, Ballard D, Lease J. Maintenance versus manipulation of information held in working memory: An event-related fMRI study. Brain and Cognition. 1999;41:66–86
  17. D'Esposito M, Zarahn E, Aguirre GK, Rypma B. The effect of normal aging on the coupling of neural activity to the BOLD hemodynamic response. NeuroImage. 1999;10:6–14
  18. Dobbs AR, Rule BG. Adult age differences in working memory. Psychology and Aging. 1989;4:500–503
  19. Emery L, Heaven TJ, Paxton JL, Braver TS. Age-related changes in neural activity during performance matched working memory manipulation. NeuroImage. 2008;42:1577–1586
  20. Grady CL. Cognitive neuroscience of aging. In:  Miller M,  Kingstone A editor. The Year in Cognitive Neuroscience. Oxford: Blackwell; 2008;p. 127–144
  21. Grady CL, McIntosh AR, Bookstein F, Horwitz B, Rapoport SI, Haxby JV. Age-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow during working memory for faces. NeuroImage. 1998;8:409–425
  22. Huettel SA, Singerman JD, McCarthy G. The effects of aging upon the hemodynamic response measured by functional MRI. NeuroImage. 2001;13:161–175
  23. Hedden T, Gabrieli JD. Healthy and pathological processes in adult development: New evidence from neuroimaging of the aging brain. Current Opinion in Neurology. 2005;18:740–747
  24. Haier RJ, Siegel B, Tang C, Abel L, Buchsbaum MS. Intelligence and changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate following learning. Intelligence. 1992;16:415–426
  25. Jha AP, Fabian SA, Aguirre GK. The role of prefrontal cortex in resolving distractor interference. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience. 2004;4:517–527
  26. Jimura K, Braver TS. Age-related shifts in brain activity dynamics during task switching. Cerebral Cortex. 2009 Oct 5;[Epub ahead of print]
  27. Jonides J, Schumacher EH, Smith EE, Lauber EJ, Awh E, Minoshima S, et al. Verbal working memory load affects regional brain activation as measured by PET. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 1997;9:475
  28. Kinsbourne M. Attentional dysfunction and the elderly: Theoretical models and research perspectives. In:  Poon LW,  Fozard JL,  Cermak LS,  Arenberg D,  Thompson LW editor. New Directions in Memory and Aging: Proceedings of the George A Talland Memorial Conference. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1980;p. 113–129
  29. Logan JM, Sanders AL, Snyder AZ, Morris JC, Buckner RL. Under-recruitment and nonselective recruitment: Dissociable neural mechanisms associated with aging. Neuron. 2002;33:827–840
  30. Luck SJ, Vogel EK. The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions. Nature. 1997;390:279–281
  31. Maldjian JA, Laurienti PJ, Burdette JB, Kraft RA. An automated method for neuroanatomic and cytoarchitectonic atlas-based interrogation of fMRI data sets. NeuroImage. 2003;19:1233–1239
  32. Mattay VS, Fera F, Tessitore A, Hariri AR, Berman KF, Das S, et al. Neurophysiological correlates of age-related changes in working memory capacity. Neuroscience Letters. 2006;392:32–37
  33. May CP, Hasher L, Stoltzfus ER. Optimal time of day and the magnitude of age differences in memory. Psychological Science. 1993;4:326–330
  34. Meegan DV, Purc-Stephenson R, Honsberger MJ, Topan M. Task analysis complements neuroimaging: An example from working memory research. NeuroImage. 2004;21:1026–1036
  35. Miller GA. The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processsing information. Psychological Review. 1956;63:81–97
  36. Moscovitch M, Winocur G. The neuropsychology of memory and aging. In:  Craik FIM,  Salthouse TA editor. The Handbook of Aging and Cognition. Hillsdale: Erlbaum; 1992;p. 315–372
  37. Narayanan NS, Prabhakaran V, Bunge SA, Christoff K, Fine EM, Gabrieli JD. The role of the prefrontal cortex in the maintenance of verbal working memory: An event-related FMRI analysis. Neuropsychology. 2005;19:223–232
  38. Navon D. Resources – a theoretical soupstone?. Psychological Review. 1984;91:216–234
  39. Neubauer AC, Fink A. Intelligence and neural efficiency: Measures of brain activation versus measures of functional connectivity in the brain. Intelligence. 2009;37:223–229
  40. Nichols T, Hayasaka S. Controlling the familywise error rate in functional neuroimaging: A comparative review. Statistical Methods in Medical Research. 2003;12:419–446
  41. Ollinger JM, Corbetta M, Shulman GL. Separating processes within a trial in event-related functional MRI – II. Analysis. NeuroImage. 2001;13:218–229
  42. Park DC, Reuter-Lorenz PA. The adaptive brain: Aging and neurocognitive scaffolding. Annual Review of Psychology. 2009;60:173–196
  43. Paxton JL, Barch DM, Racine CA, Braver TS. Cognitive control, goal maintenance, and prefrontal function in healthy aging. Cerebral Cortex. 2008;18:1010–1028
  44. Persson J, Lustig C, Nelson JK, Reuter-Lorenz PA. Age differences in deactivation: A link to cognitive control?. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2007;19:1021–1032
  45. Poldrack RA. Region of interest analysis for fMRI. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 2007;2:67–70
  46. Postle BR, Berger JS, D'Esposito M. Functional neuroanatomical double dissociation of mnemonic and executive control processes contributing to working memory performance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U S A. 1999;96:12959–12964
  47. Rajah MN, D'Esposito M. Region-specific changes in prefrontal function with age: A review of PET and fMRI studies on working and episodic memory. Brain. 2005;128:1964–1983
  48. Raz N. Aging of the brain and its impact on cognitive performance: Integration of structural and functional findings. In:  Craik FIM,  Salthouse TA editor. The Handbook of Aging and Cognition. 2nd ed.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2000;p. 1–90
  49. Raz N, Rodrigue KM. Differential aging of the brain: Patterns, cognitive correlates and modifiers. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2006;30:730–748
  50. Reuter-Lorenz PA, Stanczak L, Miller A. Neural recruitment and cognitive aging: Two hemispheres are better than one especially as you age. Psychological Science. 1999;10:494–500
  51. Reuter-Lorenz PA, Cappell KA. Neurocognitive aging and the compensation hypothesis. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2008;17:177–182
  52. Reuter-Lorenz PA, Marshuetz C, Jonides J, Smith EE, Hartley A, Koeppe R. Neurocognitive ageing of storage and executive processes. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 2001;13:257–278
  53. Reuter-Lorenz PA, Jonides J, Smith EE, Hartley A, Miller A, Marshuetz C, et al. Age differences in the frontal lateralization of verbal and spatial working memory revealed by PET. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2000;12:174–187
  54. Reuter-Lorenz PA, Mikels JA. The aging brain: The implications of enduring plasticity for behavioral and cultural change. In:  Baltes P,  Reuter-Lorenz PA,  Roesler F editor. Lifespan Development and the Brain: The Perspective of Biocultural Co-Constructivism. Cambridge University Press; 2006;p. 255–287
  55. Reuter-Lorenz PA, Sylvester CY. The cognitive neuroscience of aging and working memory. In:  Cabeza R,  Nyberg L,  Park D editor. The Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging: Linking Cognitive and Cerebral Aging. Oxford University Press; 2005;p. 186–217
  56. Rypma B, Berger JS, Prabhakaran V, Bly BM, Kimberg DY, Biswal BB, et al. Neural correlates of cognitive efficiency. NeuroImage. 2006;33:969–979
  57. Rypma B, D'Esposito M. Isolating the neural mechanisms of age-related changes in human working memory. Nature Neuroscience. 2000;3:509–515
  58. Rypma B, D'Esposito M. Age-related change in brain-behaviour relationships: Evidence from event-related functional MRI studies. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 2001;13:257–278
  59. Rypma B, Eldreth DA, Rebbechi D. Age-related differences in activation performance relations in delayed response task: A multiple component analysis. Cortex. 2007;43:65–76
  60. Rypma B, Prabhakaran V, Desmond JE, Gabrieli JD. Age differences in prefrontal cortical activity in working memory. Psychology and Aging. 2001;16:371–384
  61. Sakai K, Rowe JB, Passingham RE. Active maintenance in prefrontal area 46 creates distractor-resistant memory. Nature Neuroscience. 2002;5:479–484
  62. Salthouse TA. The role of processing resources in cognitive aging. In:  Howe ML,  Brainerd CJ editor. Cognitive Development in Adulthood. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1988;
  63. Schneider W, Eschman A, Zuccolotto A. E-prime Users Guide. Pittsburgh, PA: Psychology Software Tools; 2002;
  64. Schneider-Garces NJ, Gordon BA, Brumback-Peltz CR, Shin E, Lee Y, Sutton BP, et al. Span, CRUNCH and beyond: Working memory capacity and the aging brain. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2009;[epublication ahead of print]
  65. Smith EE, Jonides J. Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes. Science. 1999;12:1657–1661
  66. Smith SM. Fast robust automated brain extraction. Human Brain Mapping. 2002;17:143–155
  67. Stern Y. What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. 2002;8:448–460
  68. Sternberg S. Discovery of processing stages – extensions of Donders’ method. Acta Psychologica. 1969;30:276–315
  69. Sun X, Zhang X, Chen X, Zhang P, Bao M, Zhang D, et al. Age-dependent brain activation during forward and backward digit recall revealed by fMRI. NeuroImage. 2005;26:36–47
  70. Talairach J, Tournoux P. Co-planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain: an Approach to Medical Cerebral Imaging. Stuttgart: Thieme Medical Publishers; 1988;
  71. Veltman DJ, Rombouts SA, Dolan RJ. Maintenance versus manipulation in verbal working memory revisited: An fMRI study. NeuroImage. 2003;18:247–256
  72. Wager TD, Smith EE. Neuroimaging studies of working memory: A meta-analysis. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioural Neuroscience. 2003;3:255–274
  73. West R. An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging. Psychological Bulletin. 1996;120:272–292
  74. Woods RP, Grafton ST, Holmes CJ, Cherry SR, Mazziotta JC. Automated image registration: I. general methods and intrasubject, intramodality validation. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 1998;22:139–152
  75. Yoon JH, Curtis CE, D'Esposito M. Differential effects of distraction during working memory on delay-period activity in the prefrontal cortex and the visual association cortex. NeuroImage. 2006;29:1117–1126

PII: S0010-9452(09)00327-X

doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2009.11.009

Cortex
Volume 46, Issue 4 , Pages 462-473 , April 2010